[Translated originally from the Sanskrit Sarvāstivāda Madhyamāgama to Classical Chinese by a team led by Sarvāstivāda scholar Gautama Saṃghadeva of Kāśmīra in 398CE.
Translated from the Chinese Taisho Tripiṭaka back to Sanskrit by Ramakrishnan Suryanarayanan in 2024-26.]
madhyamāgame rājasaṃyuktavarge triṃśaddṛṣṭāntasūtraṃ pañcamam.
evaṃ mayā śrutam. ekasminsamaye bhagavānrājagṛhe viharati sma veṇuvane kalandakanivāpe mahatā bhikṣusaṅghena sārdhaṃ varṣāmupagacchati sma.
tasminsamaye bhagavānpañcadaśyāmupavasathe prātimokṣoddeśakāle bhikṣusaṅghasya purataḥ prajñapta evāsane nyaṣīdat. niṣadya ca bhagavāntata eva samādhiṃ samāpadya paracittajñānena bhikṣūṇāṃ cittaṃ vyavalokayati sma. tatra bhagavānbhikṣusaṅghaṃ dadarśa tūṣṇīṃbhūtamatitūṣṇīṃbhūtaṃ vigatamiddhamapahatanīvaraṇam. bhikṣusaṅgho gambhīre'tigambhīre niṣaṇṇaḥ śānte'tiśānte praṇīte'tipraṇīte.
tasminsamaya āyuṣmāñchāriputrostasyāṃ parṣadi sanniṣaṇṇo'bhūt. atha bhagavānāyuṣmantaṃ śāriputramāmantrayata—śāriputra, bhikṣusaṅgho'yaṃ tūṣṇīṃbhūto'titūṣṇīṃbhūto vigatamiddho'pahatanīvaraṇaḥ. ayaṃ bhikṣusaṅgho gambhīre'tigambhīre niṣaṇṇaḥ śānte'tiśānte praṇīte'tipraṇīte. śāriputra, ko nu śaknoti bhikṣusaṅghaṃ satkartuṃ gurukartuṃ mānayituṃ pūjayitumiti.
atha khalvāyuṣmāñchāriputra utthāyāsanādekāṃsamuttarāsaṅgaṃ kṛtvā yena bhagavāṃstenāñjaliṃ praṇāmya bhagavantametadavocat—bhagavan, bhikṣusaṅgho'yaṃ tūṣṇīṃbhūto'titūṣṇīṃbhūto vigatamiddho'pahatanīvaraṇaḥ. ayaṃ bhikṣusaṅgho gambhīre'tigambhīre niṣaṇṇaḥ śānte'tiśānte praṇīte'tipraṇīte. bhagavan, nāstyanyaḥ kaścidyo bhikṣusaṅghaṃ satkartuṃ gurukartuṃ mānayituṃ pūjayituṃ śaknuyāt. eka eva bhagavāñchaknoti dharmaṃ ca bhikṣusaṅghaṃ ca śīlamapramādaṃ dānaṃ samādhiṃ ca satkartuṃ gurukartuṃ mānayituṃ pūjayitumiti.
bhagavānavocat—evametacchāriputra, evametat. nāstyanyaḥ kaścidyo bhikṣusaṅghaṃ satkartuṃ gurukartuṃ mānayituṃ pūjayituṃ śaknuyāt. eka eva tathāgataḥ śaknoti dharmaṃ ca bhikṣusaṅghaṃ ca śīlamapramādaṃ dānaṃ samādhiṃ ca satkartuṃ gurukartuṃ mānayituṃ pūjayitum.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca nānāvidhānyalaṅkāropakaraṇāni bhavanti, tadyathā kauśeyaṃ citrapaṭṭakambalamaṅgulīyakaṃ keyūraṃ kaṭakaṃ graiveyakaṃ suvarṇamaṇimuktāmālāśca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā śīladharmamevālaṅkāropakaraṇaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī śīladharmālaṅkāropakaraṇena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca pañca rājakakudāni bhavanti, tadyathā khaḍgaśchatraṃ mukuṭo maṇidaṇḍavāladavyajanaṃ citrapāduke ca, yāni kāyaṃ rakṣanti kṣemamāvahanti. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā prātimokṣasaṃvarameva brahmacaryaguptaye kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī brahmacaryaguptaye prātimokṣasaṃvareṇa samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya cāntaḥpurapālo bhavati. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā ṣaḍindriyaguptimevāntaḥpurapālaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī ṣaḍindriyaguptyantaḥpurapālena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca dauvāriko bhavati paṇḍito vyakto medhāvī. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā samyaksmṛtimeva dauvārikaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī samyaksmṛtidauvārikeṇa samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca bhadrā puṣkariṇī bhavatyacchodakā pūrṇā samatīrthā. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā svacittameva puṣkariṇīṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī svacittapuṣkariṇyā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca snāpako bhavati yo nityaṃ snāpayati. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā kalyāṇamitrameva snāpakaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī kalyāṇamitrasnāpakena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca gātravilepanāni bhavanti, tadyathā tagaramagaru candanaṃ turuṣkaṃ lavaṅgaṃ māṃsī ca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā śīladharmameva vilepanaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī śīladharmavilepanena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca bhadrāṇi vastrāṇi bhavanti, tadyathā kṣaumaṃ kauśeyaṃ dūṣyaṃ kāliṅgaprāvāraśca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā hryapatrāpyameva vastraṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī hryapatrāpyavastreṇa samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca bhadraṃ śayanāsanaṃ bhavatyativistīrṇamatyuccaṃ ca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā catvāri dhyānānyeva śayanāsanaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī caturdhyānaśayanāsanena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca kalpiko nāpito bhavati yo nityaṃ kalpaṃ karoti. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā samyaksmṛtimeva kalpikaṃ nāpitaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī samyaksmṛtikalpikanāpitena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca praṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ bhavati vividharasasamupetam. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā prītimeva khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī prītibhojanena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca nānāvidhāni pānāni bhavanti, tadyathāmrapānaṃ jambupānamikṣupānaṃ mṛdvīkāpānaṃ matsyāṇḍīpānaṃ ca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā dharmarasameva pānaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī dharmarasapānena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca bhadrāṇi puṣpamālyāni bhavanti, tadyathā nīlotpalamālyaṃ campakamālyaṃ sumanamālyaṃ vārṣikīmālyamatimuktakamālyaṃ ca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā trīnsamādhīneva puṣpamālyaṃ kurute, yaduta śūnyatāmapraṇihitamanimittaṃ ca. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī trisamadhipuṣpamālyena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca nānāvidhāni veśmāni bhavanti prāsādā harmyāḥ kūṭāgārāśca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā trīnvihārāneva veśma kurute, yaduta divyavihāraṃ brahmavihāramāryavihāraṃ ca. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī trivihāraveśmanā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya cāyuktako bhavati yadutāgārapālaḥ. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā prajñāmevāgārapālaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī prajñāgārapālena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca rāṣṭre caturvidho balirbhavati, eko bhāgo rājñe rājñyai cāntaḥpurastrībhyaḥ pradīyate, dvitīyo bhāgaḥ kumārāyāmātyebhyaśca, tṛtīyo bhāgo rāṣṭrasya sarvajanebhyaḥ, caturtho bhāgaḥ śramaṇabrāhmaṇebhyaḥ. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā catvāri smṛtyupasthānānyeva baliṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī catuḥsmṛtyupasthānabalinā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca caturaṅgiṇī senā bhavati, tadyathā hastikāyo'śvakāyo rathakāyaḥ pattikāyaśca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā catvāri samyakprahāṇānyeva caturaṅgiṇīṃ senāṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī catuḥsamyakprahāṇacaturaṅgiṇīsenayā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca nānāvidhāni yānāni bhavanti, tadyathā hastiyānamaśvayānaṃ rathayānaṃ pattiyānaṃ ca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā catura ṛddhipādāneva yānaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī caturṛddhipādayānena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca nānāvidhā rathā bhavanti siṃhavyāghradvīpicarmaparivṛtāścitrarūpālaṅkārasampannāḥ. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā śamathavipaśyane eva rathaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī śamathavipaśyanārathena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca sārathirbhavati rathapraṇetā. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā samyaksmṛtimeva sārathiṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī samyaksmṛtisārathinā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya cātyucco dhvajo bhavati. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā svacittamevātyuccadhvajaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī svacittātyuccadhvajena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca bhadro mārgo bhavati samaḥ praśasta udyānagāmī. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā āryāṣṭāṅgamārgameva mārgaṃ kurute samaṃ praśastaṃ nirvāṇagāminam. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī āryāṣṭāṅgamārgeṇa samena praśastena nirvāṇagāminā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca mahāmātraḥ senāpatirbhavati paṇḍito vyakto medhāvī. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā prajñāmeva mahāmātraṃ senāpatiṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī prajñāmahāmātrasenāpatinā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca mahāprāsādo bhavatyativistīrṇo'tyuccaśca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā prajñāmeva mahāprāsādaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī prajñāmahāprāsādena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājā rājamātro vā mahāprāsādaṃ samāruhya prāsādasyādhastājjanaṃ paśyatyāgacchantaṃ gacchantaṃ dhāvantaṃ nṛtyantaṃ tiṣṭhantaṃ niṣaṇṇaṃ śayānaṃ ca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vānuttaraprajñāprāsādaṃ samāruhya svacittamanvavekṣate pariśuddhaṃ mṛdukaṃ pramuditaṃ viviktaṃ ca. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī anuttaraprajñāprāsādasamārohaṇena svacittānvavekṣaṇena pariśuddhena mṛdukena pramuditena viviktena ca samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca kulamahāmātro bhavati yo gotravaṃśakuśalo bhavati. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā catvāra āryavaṃśāneva kulamahāmātraṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī caturāryavaṃśakulamahāmātreṇa samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca bhadraḥ śalyahartā bhiṣagbhavati sarvarogapraśamakaḥ. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā samyaksmṛtimeva bhiṣajaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī samyaksmṛtibhiṣajā samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya ca bhadraḥ paryaṅko bhavatyāstīrṇagoṇiko'stīrṇapaṭiko'stīrṇapaṭalikaḥ sottaracchada ubhayatolohitopadhānaḥ kāliṅgaprāvārapratyāstaraṇasamanvāgataśca. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā ānantaryasamādhimeva paryaṅkaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī ānantaryasamādhiparyaṅkena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājño rājamātrasya cārghyaṃ maṇiratnaṃ bhavati. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā akupyāṃ cetovimuktimeva maṇiratnaṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī akupyacetovimuktimaṇiratnena samanvāgato bhavati, sa pāpakānakuśalāndharmānprahāya kuśalāndharmānbhāvayati.
tadyathā śāriputra rājā rājamātro vā suṣṭhu snātaḥ suvilipto vyavadātagātraḥ pariśuddhagātro bhavati. evameva śāriputra bhikṣurbhikṣuṇī vā svacittānvavekṣaṇameva pariśuddhagātraṃ kurute. śāriputra yo bhikṣuryā vā bhikṣuṇī svacittānvavekṣaṇapariśuddhagātreṇa samanvāgato bhavati, sa śaknoti tathāgataṃ dharmaṃ ca bhikṣusaṅghaṃ ca śīlamapramādaṃ dānaṃ samādhiṃ ca satkartuṃ gurukartuṃ mānayituṃ pūjayitum.
idamavocadbhagavān. āttamanā āyuṣmāñchāriputraste ca bhikṣavo bhagavato bhāṣitamabhyanandan.
triṃśaddṛṣṭāntasūtraṃ pañcamaṃ samāptam.