MĀ 26 guṇiśasūtram
[Translated originally from the Sanskrit Sarvāstivāda Madhyamāgama to Classical Chinese by a team led by Sarvāstivāda scholar Gautama Saṃghadeva of Kāśmīra in 398CE.
Translated from the Chinese Taisho Tripiṭaka back to Sanskrit by Ramakrishnan Suryanarayanan in 2024-26.]
madhyamāgame śāriputrasaṃyuktavarge guṇiśasūtraṃ ṣaṣṭham.
evaṃ mayā śrutam. ekasminsamaye bhagavānrājagṛhe viharati sma veṇuvane kalandakanivāpe.
tasminsamaye guṇiśo'pi bhikṣū rājagṛhe viharati sma, āraṇyake śayanāsane, uddhataḥ pragalbhaścapalo muṣitasmṛtirmarkaṭacittaḥ. sa ca guṇiśo bhikṣuḥ kenacideva karaṇīyena rājagṛhamanuprāptaḥ. tasminsamaya āyuṣmāñchāriputro mahatā bhikṣusaṅghena sārdhaṃ paścādbhaktaṃ kenacitkāryeṇopasthānaśālāyāṃ sanniṣaṇṇo'bhūt. guṇiśo'pi bhikṣuḥ, rājagṛhe svakaṃ karaṇīyaṃ kṛtvā, yenopasthānaśālā tenopajagāma.
āyuṣmāñchāriputro dūrādeva guṇiśaṃ bhikṣumāgacchantaṃ dadarśa. dṛṣṭvā ca punarguṇiśaṃ bhikṣumārabhya bhikṣūnāmantrayata—
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā sagauraveṇa sapratīśena bhavitavyam, anulomikāṃ ca dṛṣṭimupasampadya vihartavyam.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharanbahvagauravo'pratīśo viharatyananulomikadṛṣṭiśca, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharanbahvagauravo'pratīśo viharatyananulomikadṛṣṭiśca. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā sagauraveṇa sapratīśena bhavitavyam, anulomikāṃ ca dṛṣṭimupasampadya vihartavyam.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatānuddhatena bhavitavyamacapalena ca.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharannuddhataścapalaśca viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharannuddhataścapalaśca viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatānuddhatena bhavitavyamacapalena ca.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā tiraścīnakathā na kartavyā.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharanbahvīṃ tiraścīnakathāṃ karoti, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharanbahvīṃ tiraścīnakathāṃ karoti. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā tiraścīnakathā na kartavyā.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatāpragalbhena bhavitavyamalpabhāṣeṇa ca.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharanpragalbho bahubhāṣaśca viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharanpragalbho bahubhāṣaśca viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatāpragalbhena bhavitavyamalpabhāṣeṇa ca.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatendriyeṣu guptadvāreṇa bhavitavyam.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharannindriyeṣvaguptadvāro viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharannindriyeṣvaguptadvāro viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatendriyeṣu guptadvāreṇa bhavitavyam.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā bhojane mātrajñena bhavitavyam.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharangṛddho'timātramaśnātyasantuṣṭo viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharangṛddho'timātramaśnātyasantuṣṭo viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā bhojane mātrajñena bhavitavyam.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatārabdhavīryeṇa bhavitavyamakusīdena ca.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharanhīnavīryaḥ kusīdo viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharanhīnavīryaḥ kusīdo viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatārabdhavīryeṇa bhavitavyamakusīdena ca.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā smṛtimatā samprajānatā ca bhavitavyam.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharanmuṣitasmṛtirasamprajānanviharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharanmuṣitasmṛtirasamprajānanviharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā smṛtimatā samprajānatā ca bhavitavyam.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā kālajñena samayajñena ca bhavitavyam, nātikālaṃ grāmaṃ piṇḍāya praveṣṭavyaṃ nātidivā pratikramitavyam.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharannakālajño'samayajño viharannatikālaṃ grāmaṃ piṇḍāya praviśatyatidivā ca pratikrāmati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharannakālajño'samayajño viharannatikālaṃ grāmaṃ piṇḍāya praviśatyatidivā ca pratikrāmati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā kālajñena samayajñena ca bhavitavyam.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatāsanajñena samayāsanajñena ca bhavitavyam, na sthavirā bhikṣava āsanebhyo bādhayitavyā na ca navakā bhikṣavaḥ kṣeptavyāḥ.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharannanāsanajño'samayāsanajño viharaṃsthavirānbhikṣūnāsanebhyo bādhate navakāṃśca bhikṣūnkṣipati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharannanāsanajño'samayāsanajño viharaṃsthavirānbhikṣūnāsanebhyo bādhate navakāṃśca bhikṣūnkṣipati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatāsanajñena samayāsanajñena ca bhavitavyam.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā vinaye'bhidharme ca kathā kartavyā. tatkasya hetoḥ? āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakaṃ bhikṣumāraṇyake viharantaṃ kālāntareṇāgatya sabrahmacāriṇo vinaye'bhidharme ca praśnaṃ pṛcchanti.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharanvinaye'bhidharme ca praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharanvinaye'bhidharme ca praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā vinaye'bhidharme ca kathā kartavyā.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā ye te śāntā vimokṣā atikramya rūpāṇyārūpyāsteṣu kathā kartavyā. tatkasya hetoḥ? āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakaṃ bhikṣumāraṇyake viharantaṃ kālāntareṇāgatya sabrahmacāriṇaḥ śānteṣu vimokṣeṣvatikramya rūpāṇyārūpyeṣu praśnaṃ pṛcchanti.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharañśānteṣu vimokṣeṣvatikramya rūpāṇyārūpyeṣu praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharañśānteṣu vimokṣeṣvatikramya rūpāṇyārūpyeṣu praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatā ye te śāntā vimokṣā atikramya rūpāṇyārūpyāsteṣu kathā kartavyā.
“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ kathā kartavyā. tatkasya hetoḥ? āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakaṃ bhikṣumāraṇyake viharantaṃ kālāntareṇāgatya sabrahmacāriṇa āsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ praśnaṃ pṛcchanti.
“yadyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyako bhikṣurāraṇyake viharannāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇyake viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyaka āraṇyake viharannāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchet, tatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharatāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ kathā kartavyā.”
tasminsamaya āyuṣmānmahāmaudgalyāyano'pi tasyāṃ pariṣadi sanniṣaṇṇo'bhūt. athāyuṣmānmahāmaudgalyāyana āyuṣmantaṃ śāriputramidamavocat—”āyuṣmañśāriputra, kimāraṇyakenaiva bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharateme evaṃrūpā dharmāḥ śikṣitavyāḥ, na punargrāmāntavihāriṇā bhikṣuṇeti?”
āyuṣmāñchāriputro'vocat—”āyuṣmanmahāmaudgalyāyana, āraṇyakenāpi bhikṣuṇāraṇyake viharataime evaṃrūpā dharmāḥ śikṣitavyāḥ, kaḥ punarvādo grāmāntavihāriṇā bhikṣuṇeti.”
ityetāvubhau satpuruṣāvanyonyaṃ samabhinandya, anyonyaṃ sādhukāraṃ dattvā, anyonyabhāṣitamabhinandyotthāyāsanātsvakaṃ svakaṃ nilayaṃ jagmatuḥ.
sagauravo'nuddhataśca tiryagvādavivarjitaḥ | astabdho guptadvāraśca bhojane mātrayānvitaḥ || ārabdhavīryaḥ samprajñaḥ kālāsanaviśāradaḥ | vinaye cābhidharme ca kathaṃ kuryādrahasyapi || śāntārūpyavimokṣeṣu tathāsravakṣaye'pi ca | āraṇyakena satataṃ śikṣitavyamidaṃ sadā ||
guṇiśasūtraṃ ṣaṣṭhaṃ samāptam.
