MĀ57 bhikṣūpadeśasūtram

[Translated originally from the Sanskrit Sarvāstivāda Madhyamāgama to Classical Chinese by a team led by Sarvāstivāda scholar Gautama Saṃghadeva of Kāśmīra in 398CE.
Translated from the Chinese Taisho Tripiṭaka back to Sanskrit by Ramakrishnan Suryanarayanan in 2024-26.]

madhyamāgame'bhyāsasaṃyuktavarge bhikṣūpadeśasūtram ṣoḍaśam.

evaṃ mayā śrutam. ekasminsamaye bhagavāñchrāvastyāṃ viharati sma jetavane'nāthapiṇḍadasyārāme.

tasminsamaye bhagavānbhikṣūnāmantrayata—aparipakvāyāścetovimukteḥ paripākāya pañcābhyāsadharmāḥ saṃvartante. katame pañca? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ kalyāṇamitro bhavati kalyāṇasahāyaḥ kalyāṇasampṛktaḥ. aparipakvāyāścetovimukteḥ paripākāyāyaṃ prathamo'bhyāsadharmaḥ saṃvartate.

punaraparaṃ, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ śīlavānbhavati prātimokṣasaṃvarasaṃvṛto viharatyācāragocarasampanno'ṇumātreṣvavadyeṣu bhayadarśī samādāya śikṣate śikṣāpadeṣu. aparipakvāyāścetovimukteḥ paripākāyāyaṃ dvitīyo'bhyāsadharmaḥ saṃvartate.

punaraparaṃ, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuryāyaṃ kathā āryā arthopasaṃhitā cittakarmaṇyakarī cetovinīvaraṇī, tadyathā śīlakathā samādhikathā prajñākathā vimuktikathā vimuktijñānadarśanakathā sallekhakathā asaṃsargakathā alpecchatākathā santuṣṭikathā prahāṇakathā virāgakathā nirodhakathā pratisaṃlayanakathā pratītyasamutpādakathā ca, evaṃrūpāyāḥ śrāmaṇyakathāyā nikāmalābhī bhavatyakṛcchralābhyakaṣṭalābhī. aparipakvāyāścetovimukteḥ paripākāyāyaṃ tṛtīyo'bhyāsadharmaḥ saṃvartate.

punaraparaṃ, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣurārabdhavīryo viharatyakuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ prahāṇāya kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāmupasaṃpadāyai sthāmavāndṛḍhaparākramo'nikṣiptadhuraḥ kuśaleṣu dharmeṣu. aparipakvāyāścetovimukteḥ paripākāyāyaṃ caturtho'bhyāsadharmaḥ saṃvartate.

punaraparaṃ, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ prajñāvānbhavatyudayāstagāminyā prajñayā samanvāgata āryayā nairvedhikayā prabhedagāminyā samyagduḥkhakṣayagāminyā. aparipakvāyāścetovimukteḥ paripākāyāyaṃ pañcamo'bhyāsadharmaḥ saṃvartate.

tānimānpañcābhyāsadharmānsamādāyānye catvāro dharmā bhāvayitavyāḥ. katame catvāraḥ? aśubhā bhāvayitavyā kāmarāgaprahāṇāya. maitrī bhāvayitavyā vyāpādaprahāṇāya. ānāpānasmṛtirbhāvayitavyā vitarkopacchedāya. anityasaṃjñā bhāvayitavyāsmimānasamudghātāya.

bhikṣavaḥ, kalyāṇamitrasya bhikṣoḥ kalyāṇasahāyasya kalyāṇasampṛktasyaitatpratikāṅkṣyaṃ yadutāsau śīlavānbhaviṣyati prātimokṣasaṃvarasaṃvṛto vihariṣyatyācāragocarasampanno'ṇumātreṣvavadyeṣu bhayadarśī samādāya śikṣiṣyate śikṣāpadeṣu.

bhikṣavaḥ, kalyāṇamitrasya bhikṣoḥ kalyāṇasahāyasya kalyāṇasampṛktasyaitatpratikāṅkṣyaṃ yadutāsau yāyaṃ kathā āryā arthopasaṃhitā cittakarmaṇyakarī cetovinīvaraṇī, tadyathā śīlakathā samādhikathā prajñākathā vimuktikathā vimuktijñānadarśanakathā sallekhakathā asaṃsargakathā alpecchatākathā santuṣṭikathā prahāṇakathā virāgakathā nirodhakathā pratisaṃlayanakathā pratītyasamutpādakathā ca, evaṃrūpāyāḥ śrāmaṇyakathāyā nikāmalābhī bhaviṣyatyakṛcchralābhyakaṣṭalābhī.

bhikṣavaḥ, kalyāṇamitrasya bhikṣoḥ kalyāṇasahāyasya kalyāṇasampṛktasyaitatpratikāṅkṣyaṃ yadutāsāvārabdhavīryo vihariṣyatyakuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ prahāṇāya kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāmupasaṃpadāyai sthāmavāndṛḍhaparākramo'nikṣiptadhuraḥ kuśaleṣu dharmeṣu.

bhikṣavaḥ, kalyāṇamitrasya bhikṣoḥ kalyāṇasahāyasya kalyāṇasampṛktasyaitatpratikāṅkṣyaṃ yadutāsau prajñāvānbhaviṣyatyudayāstagāminyā prajñayā samanvāgata āryayā nairvedhikayā prabhedagāminyā samyagduḥkhakṣayagāminyā.

bhikṣavaḥ, kalyāṇamitrasya bhikṣoḥ kalyāṇasahāyasya kalyāṇasampṛktasyaitatpratikāṅkṣyaṃ yadutāsāvaśubhāṃ bhāvayiṣyati kāmarāgaprahāṇāya, maitrīṃ bhāvayiṣyati vyāpādaprahāṇāya, ānāpānasmṛtiṃ bhāvayiṣyati vitarkopacchedāya, anityasaṃjñāṃ bhāvayiṣjatyasmimānasamudghātāya.

bhikṣavaḥ, anityasaṃjñino bhikṣoranātmasaṃjñā pratitiṣṭhati. anātmasaṃjñī bhikṣuḥ sarvāsmimānasamudghātaṃ prāpnoti, evaṃ dṛṣṭa eva dharme śāntiṃ nirodhaṃ kṣayamasaṃskṛtaṃ nirvāṇamadhigacchati.

idamavocadbhagavān. āttamanasaste bhikṣavo bhagavato bhāṣitamabhyanandan.

bhikṣūpadeśasūtraṃ ṣoḍaśaṃ samāptam.