MĀ59 dvātriṃśallakṣaṇasūtram

[Translated originally from the Sanskrit Sarvāstivāda Madhyamāgama to Classical Chinese by a team led by Sarvāstivāda scholar Gautama Saṃghadeva of Kāśmīra in 398CE.
Translated from the Chinese Taisho Tripiṭaka back to Sanskrit by Ramakrishnan Suryanarayanan in 2024-26.]

madhyamāgame rājasaṃyuktavarge dvātriṃśallakṣaṇasūtraṃ dvitīyam.

evaṃ mayā śrutam. ekasminsamaye bhagavāñchrāvastyāṃ viharati sma jetavane'nāthapiṇḍadasyārāme.

tasminsamaye sambahulā bhikṣavaḥ paścādbhaktapiṇḍapātapratikrāntā upasthānaśālāyāṃ sanniṣaṇṇāḥ sannipatitā imāmantarākathāmudapādayan—āścaryamāyuṣmanto'dbhutamāyuṣmanto yadidaṃ dvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ samanvāgatasya mahāpuruṣasya dve gatī bhavato nānye bhūte nāmṛṣe. sacedagāramāvasati rājā bhavati cakravartī paṇḍito medhāvī caturaṅgabalaścāturanto vijitāvī dhārmiko dharmarājaḥ saptaratnasamanvāgataḥ. tasyemāni saptaratnāni bhavanti. tadyathā cakraratnaṃ hastiratnamaśvaratnaṃ maṇiratnaṃ strīratnaṃ gṛhapatiratnaṃ pariṇāyakaratnameva saptamam. pūrṇaṃ cāsya sahasraṃ putrāṇāṃ bhavati śūrānāṃ vīrāṇāṃ varāṅgarūpāṇāṃ parasainyapramardanānām. sa imāṃ samudraparyantāṃ mahāpṛthivīmadaṇḍenāśastreṇa dharmeṇa vijityānuśāsti prajāḥ sukhe cāvasthāpayati. sacetkeśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajati tathāgato bhavatyarhansamyaksambuddho daśadikṣu viśrutakīrtiśabdaḥ.

atha khalu bhagavānrahogataḥ pratisaṃlayane niṣaṇṇo divyena śrotradhātunā viśuddhenātikrāntamānuṣyakeṇa teṣāṃ bhikṣūṇāmimāmantarākathāmaśrauṣīt—āścaryamāyuṣmanto'dbhutamāyuṣmanto yadidaṃ dvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ samanvāgatasya mahāpuruṣasya dve gatī bhavato nānye bhūte nāmṛṣe. sacedagāramāvasati rājā bhavati cakravartī paṇḍito medhāvī caturaṅgabalaścāturanto vijitāvī dhārmiko dharmarājaḥ saptaratnasamanvāgataḥ. tasyemāni saptaratnāni bhavanti. tadyathā cakraratnaṃ hastiratnamaśvaratnaṃ maṇiratnaṃ strīratnaṃ gṛhapatiratnaṃ pariṇāyakaratnameva saptamam. pūrṇaṃ cāsya sahasraṃ putrāṇāṃ bhavati śūrānāṃ vīrāṇāṃ varāṅgarūpāṇāṃ parasainyapramardanānām. sa imāṃ samudraparyantāṃ mahāpṛthivīmadaṇḍenāśastreṇa dharmeṇa vijityānuśāsti prajāḥ sukhe cāvasthāpayati. sacetkeśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajati tathāgato bhavatyarhansamyaksambuddho daśadikṣu viśrutakīrtiśabdaḥ.

bhagavāñchrutvā cāparāhṇasamaye pratisaṃlayanādvyutthāya yenopasthānaśālā tenopajagāma. upetya prajñapta evāsane bhikṣusaṅghasya purato nyaṣīdat. niṣadya bhagavānbhikṣūnāmantrayata—kayā nu khalu bhikṣava etarhi kathayā sanniṣaṇṇāḥ, kā ca punarvo'ntarākathā viprakṛteti.

evamukte te bhikṣavo bhagavantametadavocan—bhagavan, iha vayaṃ paścādbhaktapiṇḍapātapratikrāntā upasthānaśālāyāṃ sanniṣaṇṇāḥ sannipatitā imāmantarākathāmudapādayāma—āścaryamāyuṣmanto'dbhutamāyuṣmanto yadidaṃ dvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ samanvāgatasya mahāpuruṣasya dve gatī bhavato nānye bhūte nāmṛṣe. sacedagāramāvasati rājā bhavati cakravartī paṇḍito medhāvī caturaṅgabalaścāturanto vijitāvī dhārmiko dharmarājaḥ saptaratnasamanvāgataḥ. tasyemāni saptaratnāni bhavanti. tadyathā cakraratnaṃ hastiratnamaśvaratnaṃ maṇiratnaṃ strīratnaṃ gṛhapatiratnaṃ pariṇāyakaratnameva saptamam. pūrṇaṃ cāsya sahasraṃ putrāṇāṃ bhavati śūrānāṃ vīrāṇāṃ varāṅgarūpāṇāṃ parasainyapramardanānām. sa imāṃ samudraparyantāṃ mahāpṛthivīmadaṇḍenāśastreṇa dharmeṇa vijityānuśāsti prajāḥ sukhe cāvasthāpayati. sacetkeśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajati tathāgato bhavatyarhansamyaksambuddho daśadikṣu viśrutakīrtiśabdaḥ. iti hi bhagavannetayā vayamantarākathayā sanniṣaṇṇāḥ sma iti.

atha khalu bhagavānbhikṣūnāmantrayata—icchatha yūyaṃ bhikṣavastathāgatāddvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇāni śrotuṃ yaiḥ samanvāgatasya mahāpuruṣasya dve gatī bhavato nānye bhūte nāmṛṣe. sacedagāramāvasati rājā bhavati cakravartī paṇḍito medhāvī caturaṅgabalaścāturanto vijitāvī dhārmiko dharmarājaḥ saptaratnasamanvāgataḥ. tasyemāni saptaratnāni bhavanti. tadyathā cakraratnaṃ hastiratnamaśvaratnaṃ maṇiratnaṃ strīratnaṃ gṛhapatiratnaṃ pariṇāyakaratnameva saptamam. pūrṇaṃ cāsya sahasraṃ putrāṇāṃ bhavati śūrānāṃ vīrāṇāṃ varāṅgarūpāṇāṃ parasainyapramardanānām. sa imāṃ samudraparyantāṃ mahāpṛthivīmadaṇḍenāśastreṇa dharmeṇa vijityānuśāsti prajāḥ sukhe cāvasthāpayati. sacetkeśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajati tathāgato bhavatyarhansamyaksambuddho daśadikṣu viśrutakīrtiśabdaḥ.

evamukte te bhikṣavo bhagavantametadavocan—etasya bhagavankāla etasya sugata kālo yadbhagavānbhikṣubhyo dvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇāni deśayet. bhagavato'ntikācchrutvā bhikṣavo dhārayiṣyantīti.

bhagavānavocat—tena hi bhikṣavaḥ śṛṇuta sādhu ca suṣṭhu ca manasikuruta bhāṣiṣye. evaṃ bhadanteti te bhikṣavo bhagavataḥ pratyaśrauṣuḥ.

bhagavānavocat—iha bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ supratiṣṭhitapādo bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasyādhastātpādataleṣu cakrāṇi jātāni bhavanti sahasrārāṇi sanābhīni sanemikāni sarvākāraparipūrṇāni. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣo dīrghāṅgulirbhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa utsedhapādo bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa āyatapādapārṣṇirbhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa ucchaṅkhapādo bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa ūrdhvāgraromā bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣo jālāvanaddhahastapādo bhavati tadyathā haṃsarājaḥ. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣo mṛdutarūṇahastapādo bhavati tadyathā tūlapicuḥ. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ sūkṣmacchavirbhavati sūkṣmatvācchavī rajo jalaṃ ca gātre na śliṣyati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa ekaikaromā bhavatyekaikasminkūpe ekaikaṃ romajātamabhinīlaṃ śaṅkhāvartamanupradakṣiṇāvartam. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa aiṇeyajaṅgho bhavati tadyathaiṇeyo mṛgarājaḥ. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ kośagatavastiguhyo bhavati tadyathāśvarājaḥ. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣo nyagrodhaparimaṇḍalo bhavati yāvadasya kāyastāvadvyāmo yāvadvyāmastāvatkāyaḥ. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ sthitānavanatapralambabāhurbhavati sthita evānavanamamāna ubhābhyāṃ pāṇibhyāṃ jānunī parimṛśati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ suvarṇavarṇo bhavati jāmbūnadakāñcanasannibhatvak. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ saptotsado bhavatyasya dvau hastau dvau pādau dvau skandhau grīvā cotsadā bhavanti. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ siṃhapūrvārdhakāyo bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ siṃhahanurbhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa ṛjugātro bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaścitāntarāṃśo bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaścatvāriṃśaddanto bhavati samadanto'viraladantaḥ suśukladanto rasarasāgravāṃśca. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣo brahmasvaro bhavati kalaviṅkabhāṇī. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣaḥ prabhūtatanujihvo bhavati sa jihvāṃ nirṇāmya svena jihvendriyena sarvaṃ mukhamaṇḍalaṃ pracchādayati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣo gopakṣmo bhavati tadyathā vṛṣabharājaḥ. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣo'bhinīlanetro bhavati. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣa uṣṇīṣaśīrṣo bhavati tasya mūrdhni māṃsapiṇḍo jātaḥ parimaṇḍalo dakṣiṇāvartakeśaśca. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

punaraparaṃ bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasyorṇā bhruvorantare jātā bhavati śuklā pradakṣiṇāvartā. idamapi bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasya mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaṃ bhavati.

bhikṣavo mahāpuruṣasyaitairdvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ samanvāgatasya dve gatī bhavato nānye bhūte nāmṛṣe. sacedagāramāvasati rājā bhavati cakravartī paṇḍito medhāvī caturaṅgabalaścāturanto vijitāvī dhārmiko dharmarājaḥ saptaratnasamanvāgataḥ. tasyemāni saptaratnāni bhavanti. tadyathā cakraratnaṃ hastiratnamaśvaratnaṃ maṇiratnaṃ strīratnaṃ gṛhapatiratnaṃ pariṇāyakaratnameva saptamam. pūrṇaṃ cāsya sahasraṃ putrāṇāṃ bhavati śūrānāṃ vīrāṇāṃ varāṅgarūpāṇāṃ parasainyapramardanānām. sa imāṃ samudraparyantāṃ mahāpṛthivīmadaṇḍenāśastreṇa dharmeṇa vijityānuśāsti prajāḥ sukhe cāvasthāpayati. sacetkeśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajati tathāgato bhavatyarhansamyaksambuddho daśadikṣu viśrutakīrtiśabdaḥ.

idamavocadbhagavān. āttamanasaste bhikṣavo bhagavato bhāṣitamabhyanandan.

dvātriṃśallakṣaṇasūtraṃ dvitīyaṃ samāptam.