MĀ 37 campāsūtram

[Translated originally from the Sanskrit Sarvāstivāda Madhyamāgama to Classical Chinese by a team led by Sarvāstivāda scholar Gautama Saṃghadeva of Kāśmīra in 398CE.
Translated from the Chinese Taisho Tripiṭaka back to Sanskrit by Ramakrishnan Suryanarayanan in 2024-26.]

madhyamāgame'dbhutadharmavarge campāsūtraṃ ṣaṣṭham.

evaṃ mayā śrutam. ekasminsamaye bhagavāṃścampāyāṃ viharati sma gargarāpuṣkariṇītīre.

tena khalu samayena bhagavān pañcadaśyāmupavasathe prātimokṣoddeśakāle bhikṣusaṅghasya purataḥ prajñapta evāsane nyaṣīdat. niṣadya ca bhagavāṃstata eva samādhiṃ samāpadya paracittajñānena parṣadaścittaṃ vyavalokayati sma. vyavalokya ca yāvatprathamayāmātyayaṃ tūṣṇīṃbhūto nyaṣīdat.

atha cānyatamo bhikṣurutthāyāsanādekāṃsamuttarāsaṅgaṃ kṛtvā yena bhagavāṃstenāñjaliṃ praṇāmya bhagavantamidamavocat, atikrānto bhadanta prathamayāmaḥ, ciraṃ niṣaṇṇo bhagavān bhikṣusaṅghaśca, uddiśatu bhagavān prātimokṣam. evamukte bhagavāṃstūṣṇīmāsīt.

atha bhagavān yāvanmadhyamayāmātyayaṃ tūṣṇīṃbhūto nyaṣīdat. sa bhikṣurdvitīyamapyutthāyāsanādekāṃsamuttarāsaṅgaṃ kṛtvā yena bhagavāṃstenāñjaliṃ praṇāmya bhagavantamidamavocat, atikrānto bhadanta prathamayāmo madhyamo yāmaḥ parikṣīyate, ciraṃ niṣaṇṇo bhagavān bhikṣusaṅghaśca, uddiśatu bhagavān prātimokṣam. dvitīyamapi bhagavāṃstūṣṇīmāsīt.

atha bhagavān yāvatpaścimayāmātyayaṃ tūṣṇīṃbhūto nyaṣīdat. sa bhikṣustṛtīyamapyutthāyāsanādekāṃsamuttarāsaṅgaṃ kṛtvā yena bhagavāṃstenāñjaliṃ praṇāmya bhagavantamidamavocat, atikrānto bhadanta prathamayāmo madhyamo yāmo'tikrāntaḥ, paścimo yāmaḥ parikṣīyate, āgacchatyaruṇe prabhātāyāṃ rajanyām, ciraṃ niṣaṇṇo bhagavān bhikṣusaṅghaśca, uddiśatu bhagavān prātimokṣam.

evamukte bhagavāṃstaṃ bhikṣumāmantrayata, asyāṃ bhikṣo parṣadyanyatamo bhikṣuraśuciriti.

tena khalu samayenāyuṣmān mahāmaudgalyāyano'syāmeva parṣadi niṣaṇṇo'bhūt. athāyuṣmato mahāmaudgalyāyanasyaitadabhūt, yatkṛte bhagavānāhāsyāṃ parṣadyanyatamo bhikṣuraśuciriti katamaḥ sa bhikṣuḥ, yannvahaṃ tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpadyeyaṃ yena samādhinā samāhitassarvabhikṣūṇāṃ cetasā cetaḥparyāyaṃ prajānīyāmiti. athāyuṣmān mahāmaudgalyāyanastathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpede yena samādhinā samāhitassarvabhikṣūṇāṃ cetasā cetaḥparyāyaṃ prajajñau. āyuṣmān mahāmaudgalyāyano jñātavānyaduta yatkṛte bhagavānāhāsyāṃ parṣadyanyatamo bhikṣuraśuciriti sa katamo bhikṣuḥ.

athāyuṣmān mahāmaudgalyāyanastasmātsamādhervyutthāya yena sa bhikṣustenopasaṅkramya tasya bāhāyāṃ gṛhītvā bahirniṣkāsya dvāram udghāṭya bahirvyavasthāpyaitamavocat, apakrāma moghapuruṣa, mātra vātsīḥ, nāsti te'dyāgreṇa bhikṣubhiḥ sārdhaṃ saṃvāsaḥ, na tvamadyāgreṇa bhikṣuriti. dvāraṃ pidhāya kuñcikāṃ dattvā yena bhagavāṃstenopasaṅkramya bhagavataḥ pādau śirasā vanditvaikānte nyaṣīdat. ekāntaniṣaṇṇa āyuṣmān mahāmaudgalyāyano bhagavantamidamavocat, yatkṛte bhadanta bhagavānāhāsyāṃ parṣadyanyatamo bhikṣuraśuciriti sa mayā bhikṣurniṣkāsitaḥ. atikrānto bhadanta prathamayāmo madhyamo yāmo'tikrāntaḥ, paścimo yāmaḥ parikṣīyate, āgacchatyaruṇe prabhātāyāṃ rajanyām, ciraṃ niṣaṇṇo bhagavān bhikṣusaṅghaśca, uddiśatu bhagavān prātimokṣam.

bhagavānāha, tasya moghapuruṣasya bālasya mahādoṣo bhaviṣyati yo bhagavantaṃ bhikṣusaṅghaṃ ca viheṭhayati. yadi maudgalyāyana tathāgato'śucyāṃ parṣadi prātimokṣamuddiśet, tasya moghapuruṣasya saptadhā mūrdhā phalet. tasmāttarhi maudgalyāyanādyāgreṇa yūyameva prātimokṣamuddiśata, na tathāgataḥ punaruddiśiṣyati. tatkasya hetoḥ?

tadyathā maudgalyāyana mahāsamudra ūrdhvaṃ samantādānupūrvyeṇa vistīrṇaḥ samatvena coparigato velāṃ nirmimīte sadā pūrṇajalaśca na velāmatikrāmati. evameva maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'nupūrvakriyānupūrvaśikṣānupūrvakṣayo'nupūrvadeśanā ca bhavati. yadi maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'nupūrvakriyānupūrvaśikṣānupūrvakṣayo'nupūrvadeśanā ca bhavati, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye prathamo'dbhutadharmaḥ.

punaraparaṃ maudgalyāyana tadyathā mahāsamudre velā na kadācitkālamatikrāmati. evameva maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye bhikṣubhikṣuṇyupāsakopāsikānāṃ śikṣāpadaṃ prajñaptaṃ, kulaputrā yāvajjīvaṃ na vyatikrāmanti. yadi maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye bhikṣubhikṣuṇyupāsakopāsikānāṃ śikṣāpadaṃ prajñaptaṃ, kulaputrā yāvajjīvaṃ na vyatikrāmanti, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye dvitīyo'dbhutadharmaḥ.

punaraparaṃ maudgalyāyana tadyathā mahāsamudrasya jalamatigambhīramatālamativistīrṇamanantaṃ ca bhavati. evameva maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye dharmā atigambhīrā atālā ativistīrṇā anantāśca bhavanti. yadi maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye dharmā atigambhīrā atālā ativistīrṇā anantāśca bhavanti, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye tṛtīyo'dbhutadharmaḥ.

punaraparaṃ maudgalyāyana tadyathā mahāsamudrasya jalaṃ lavaṇaṃ bhavati kevalamekarasam. evameva maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye virāgaraso bodhirasaḥ praśamaraso mārgarasaśca. yadi maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye virāgaraso bodhirasaḥ praśamaraso mārgarasaśca, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye caturtho'dbhutadharmaḥ.

punaraparaṃ maudgalyāyana tadyathā mahāsamudre prabhūtāni ratnāni santyaprameyairvicitrairnānāvidhairnānāratnaiḥ paripūrṇo bhavati, ratnānāṃ nāmāni tadyathā suvarṇaṃ rajataṃ sphaṭiko vaiḍūryaṃ maṇirmuktā marakataṃ śvetaśaṅkhaḥ śuktiḥ pravālaṃ karketanamaśmagarbho musāragalvo lohitikā maṇiratnaṃ ca. evameva maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye prabhūtāni ratnāni santyaprameyairvicitrairnānāvidhairnānāratnaiḥ paripūrṇo bhavati, ratnānāṃ nāmāni tadyathā catvāri smṛtyupasthānāni catvāri samyakprahāṇāni catvāra ṛddhipādāḥ pañcendriyāṇi pañcabalāni sapta bodhyaṅgānyāryāṣṭāṅgamārgaśca. yadi maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye prabhūtāni ratnāni santyaprameyairvicitrairnānāvidhairnānāratnaiḥ paripūrṇo bhavati, ratnānāṃ nāmāni tadyathā catvāri smṛtyupasthānāni catvāri samyakprahāṇāni catvāra ṛddhipādāḥ pañcendriyāṇi pañcabalāni sapta bodhyaṅgānyāryāṣṭāṅgamārgaśca, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye pañcamo'dbhutadharmaḥ.

punaraparaṃ maudgalyāyana tadyathā mahāsamudre maheśākhyāḥ prāṇinaḥ prativasanti, maheśākhyānāṃ nāmāni tadyathāsurā gandharvā rākṣasā matsyā makarāḥ kūrmāḥ kumbhīlā vāruṇāstimayastimiṅgilāstimitimiṅgilāśca. punaraparaṃ mahāsamudre tvāścaryādbhutāḥ prāṇinaḥ santi yeṣāṃ śarīrāṇi śatayojanāni dviśatayojanāni triśatayojanāni yāvatsaptaśatayojanāni bhavanti, śarīrāṇi ca teṣāṃ sarvāṇi samudre prativasanti. evameva maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'pi maheśākhyāḥ prāṇinaḥ prativasanti, maheśākhyānāṃ nāmāni tadyathārhan arhattvapratipanno'nāgāmyanāgāmipratipannaḥ sakṛdāgāmī sakṛdāgāmipratipannaḥ srotāpannaḥ srotāpattipratipannaśca. yadi maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye maheśākhyāḥ prāṇinaḥ prativasanti, maheśākhyānāṃ nāmāni tadyathārhan arhattvapratipanno'nāgāmyanāgāmipratipannaḥ sakṛdāgāmī sakṛdāgāmipratipannaḥ srotāpannaḥ srotāpattipratipannaśca, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye ṣaṣṭho'dbhutadharmaḥ.

punaraparaṃ maudgalyāyana tadyathā mahāsamudraḥ śuciḥ kuṇapaṃ na dhārayati, yatkiñcidmṛtamahorātrādeva vāyustatkūle kṣipati. evameva maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'pyāryasaṅghaḥ śuciḥ kuṇapaṃ na dhārayati. yadi kaścitkusīdaḥ pāpadharmābrahmacārī brahmacāripratijño'śramaṇaḥ śramaṇapratijño bhavati, sa yadyapyāryasaṅghamadhye niviṣṭo bhavati tathāpyāryasaṅghāddūre bhavatyāryasaṅgho'pi tasmāddūre bhavati. yadi maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'pyāryasaṅghaḥ śuciḥ kuṇapaṃ na dhārayati, yadi kaścitkusīdaḥ pāpadharmābrahmacārī brahmacāripratijño'śramaṇaḥ śramaṇapratijño bhavati, sa yadyapyāryasaṅghamadhye niviṣṭo bhavati tathāpyāryasaṅghāddūre bhavatyāryasaṅgho'pi tasmāddūre bhavati, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye saptamo'dbhutadharmaḥ.

punaraparaṃ maudgalyāyana tadyathā jambūdvīpe pañca mahānadyaḥ santi tadyathā gaṅgā yamunā sarayūrajiravatī mahī ca, tāḥ sarvā mahāsamudramanupraviśanti, mahāsamudre ca nāgavarṣadhārā antarikṣāt patanti rathākṣamātrāḥ, tābhiḥ sarvābhirjaladhārābhirmahāsamudrasyonatā vā pūrṇatā vā na prajñāyate. evameva maudgalyāyana kṣatriyakulaputrāḥ keśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajya mārgaṃ bhāvayanti, te'kupyāṃ cetovimuktiṃ sākṣātkṛtyopasampadya viharanti. taiśca maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'kupyacetovimuktau nonatā vā pūrṇatā vā prajñāyate. evaṃ brāhmaṇakulaputrā gṛhapatikulaputrā śilpikulaputrāḥ keśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajya mārgaṃ bhāvayanti, te'kupyāṃ cetovimuktiṃ sākṣātkṛtyopasampadya viharanti. taiśca maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'kupyacetovimuktau nonatā vā pūrṇatā vā prajñāyate. yadi maudgalyāyana kṣatriyakulaputrāḥ keśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajya mārgaṃ bhāvayanti, te'kupyāṃ cetovimuktiṃ sākṣātkṛtyopasampadya viharanti, taiśca maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'kupyacetovimuktau nonatā vā pūrṇatā vā prajñāyate, evaṃ brāhmaṇakulaputrā gṛhapatikulaputrā śilpikulaputrāḥ keśaśmaśrvavatārya kāṣāyāṇi vastrāṇyācchādya samyageva śraddhayāgārādanagārikāṃ pravrajya mārgaṃ bhāvayanti, te'kupyāṃ cetovimuktiṃ sākṣātkṛtyopasampadya viharanti, taiśca maudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'kupyacetovimuktau nonatā vā pūrṇatā vā prajñāyate, ayammaudgalyāyana mamāsmin dharmavinaye'ṣṭamo'dbhutadharmaḥ.

idamavocadbhagavān. āttamanasa āyuṣmān mahāmaudgalyāyano bhikṣavaśca bhagavato bhāṣitamabhyanandan.

campāsūtraṃ ṣaṣṭhaṃ samāptam.