madhyamanikāyaḥ 14 - kṣudraduḥkhaskandhasūtram

evaṃ mayā śrutam — ekasmin samaye bhagavān śākyeṣu viharati sma kapilavastuni nyagrodhārāme .

atha khalu mahānāmā śākyaḥ bhagavantam upasaṃcakrāma ; upasaṃkramya bhagavantam abhivādya ekānte nyaṣīdat . ekānte niṣaṇṇaḥ khalu mahānāmā śākyaḥ bhagavantam etad avocat — dīrgharātram aham, bhadanta, bhagavatā evaṃ dharmaṃ deśitam ājānāmi — lobhaḥ cittasya upakleśaḥ, dveṣaḥ cittasya upakleśaḥ, mohaḥ cittasya upakleśaḥ iti . evaṃ ca aham, bhadanta, bhagavatā dharmaṃ deśitam ājānāmi — lobhaḥ cittasya upakleśaḥ, dveṣaḥ cittasya upakleśaḥ, mohaḥ cittasya upakleśaḥ iti . atha ca punar me ekadā lobhadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti, dveṣadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti, mohadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti . tasya mama, bhadanta, evaṃ bhavati — kaḥ svit nāma me dharmaḥ adhyātmam aprahīṇaḥ yena me ekadā lobhadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti, dveṣadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti, mohadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti iti .

saḥ eva khalu te, mahānāman, dharmaḥ adhyātmam aprahīṇaḥ yena te ekadā lobhadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti, dveṣadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti, mohadharmāḥ api cittaṃ paryādāya tiṣṭhanti . saḥ ca hi te, mahānāman, dharmaḥ adhyātmaṃ prahīṇaḥ abhaviṣyat, na tvam agāram adhyāvatsyaḥ, na kāmān paryabhokṣyaḥ . yasmāt ca khalu te, mahānāman, saḥ eva dharmaḥ adhyātmam aprahīṇaḥ tasmāt tvam agāram adhyāvasasi, kāmān paribhuṅkṣe .

alpāsvādāḥ kāmāḥ bahuduḥkhāḥ bahūpāyāsāḥ, ādīnavaḥ atra bhūyaḥ iti — iti cet api, mahānāman, āryaśrāvakasya yathābhūtaṃ samyakprajñayā sudṛṣṭaṃ bhavati, saḥ ca anyatra eva kāmebhyaḥ anyatra akuśalebhyaḥ dharmebhyaḥ prītisukhaṃ na adhigacchati, anyaṃ vā tataḥ śāntataram ; atha khalu saḥ na eva tāvat anāvartī kāmeṣu bhavati . yataḥ ca khalu, mahānāman, āryaśrāvakasya alpāsvādāḥ kāmāḥ bahuduḥkhāḥ bahūpāyāsāḥ, ādīnavaḥ atra bhūyaḥ iti — evam etad yathābhūtaṃ samyakprajñayā sudṛṣṭaṃ bhavati, saḥ ca anyatra eva kāmebhyaḥ anyatra akuśalebhyaḥ dharmebhyaḥ prītisukham adhigacchati anyaṃ vā tataḥ śāntataram ; atha khalu saḥ anāvartī kāmeṣu bhavati .

mamāpi khalu, mahānāman, pūrvam eva saṃbodheḥ, anabhisambuddhasya bodhiśaktasya eva sataḥ, alpāsvādāḥ kāmāḥ bahuduḥkhāḥ bahūpāyāsāḥ, ādīnavaḥ atra bhūyaḥ iti — evam etad yathābhūtaṃ samyakprajñayā sudṛṣṭaṃ bhavati, saḥ ca aham anyatra eva kāmebhyaḥ anyatra akuśalebhyaḥ dharmebhyaḥ prītisukhaṃ na adhyagamam, anyaṃ vā tataḥ śāntataram ; atha khalu ahaṃ na eva tāvat anāvartī kāmeṣu pratyajñāsam . yataḥ ca khalu me, mahānāman, alpāsvādāḥ kāmāḥ bahuduḥkhāḥ bahūpāyāsāḥ, ādīnavaḥ atra bhūyaḥ iti — evam etad yathābhūtaṃ samyakprajñayā sudṛṣṭam abhūt, saḥ ca aham anyatra eva kāmebhyaḥ anyatra akuśalebhyaḥ dharmebhyaḥ prītisukham adhyagamam, anyaṃ vā tataḥ śāntataram ; atha aham anāvartī kāmeṣu pratyajñāsam .

kaḥ ca, mahānāman, kāmānām āsvādaḥ ? pañca ime, mahānāman, kāmaguṇāḥ . katame pañca ? cakṣurvijñeyāṇi rūpāṇi iṣṭāni kāntāni manojñāni priyarūpāṇi kāmopasaṃhitāni rajanīyāni ; śrotravijñeyāḥ śabdāḥ … ghrāṇavijñeyāḥ gandhāḥ … jihvāvijñeyāḥ rasāḥ … kāyavijñeyāḥ sparśāḥ iṣṭāḥ kāntāḥ manojñāḥ priyarūpāḥ kāmopasaṃhitāḥ rajanīyāḥ — ime khalu, mahānāman, pañca kāmaguṇāḥ . yat khalu, mahānāman, imān pañca kāmaguṇān pratītya utpadyate sukhaṃ saumanasyam — ayam kāmānām āsvādaḥ .

kaḥ ca, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ ? iha, mahānāman, kulaputraḥ yena śilpasthānena jīvikāṃ kalpayati — yadi mudrayā yadi gaṇanayā yadi saṃkhyānena yadi kṛṣyā yadi vaṇijyayā yadi gorakṣeṇa yadi iṣvastreṇa yadi rājapauruṣeṇa yadi śilpānyatareṇa, śītasya puraskṛtaḥ uṣṇasya puraskṛtaḥ daṃśamaśakavātātapasarīsṛpasaṃsparśaiḥ riṣyamāṇaḥ kṣutpipāsābhyāṃ mriyamāṇaḥ ; ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāṃdṛṣṭikaḥ duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaḥ kāmādhikaraṇaḥ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

tasya cet, mahānāman, kulaputrasya evam uttiṣṭhataḥ ghaṭamānasya vyāyacchamānasya te bhogāḥ na abhiniṣpadyante, saḥ śocati klāmyati paridevati uraḥtāḍaṃ krandati saṃmoham āpadyate moghaṃ vata me utthānam, aphalaḥ vata me vyāyāmaḥ iti . ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāṃdṛṣṭikaḥ duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

tasya cet, mahānāman, kulaputrasya evam uttiṣṭhataḥ ghaṭamānasya vyāyacchamānasya te bhogāḥ abhiniṣpadyante . saḥ teṣāṃ bhogānām ārakṣādhikaraṇaṃ duḥkhaṃ daurmanasyaṃ pratisaṃvedayati — kim iti me bhogān na eva rājānaḥ hareyuḥ, na corāḥ hareyuḥ, na agniḥ dahet, na udakaṃ vahet, na apriyāḥ vā dāyādāḥ hareyuḥ iti . tasya evam ārakṣataḥ gopayataḥ tān bhogān rājānaḥ vā haranti, corāḥ vā haranti, agniḥ vā dahati, udakaṃ vā vahati, apriyāḥ vā dāyādāḥ haranti . saḥ śocati klāmyati paridevati uraḥtāḍaṃ krandati saṃmoham āpadyate — yat api me abhūt tat api naḥ na asti iti . ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāṃdṛṣṭikaḥ duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

punaḥ ca aparam, mahānāman, kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ rājānaḥ api rājabhiḥ vivadante, kṣatriyāḥ api kṣatriyaiḥ vivadante, brāhmaṇāḥ api brāhmaṇaiḥ vivadante, gṛhapatayaḥ api gṛhapatibhiḥ vivadante, mātāputrau vivadete, pitāputrau vivadete, bhrātarau vivadete, bhrātṛbhaginyau vivadete, sahāyau api vivadete . te tatra kalahavigrahavivādāpannāḥ anyonyam pāṇibhyām api upakrāmanti, loṣṭhaiḥ api upakrāmanti, daṇḍaiḥ api upakrāmanti, śastraiḥ api upakrāmanti . te tatra maraṇam api nigacchanti, maraṇamātram api duḥkham . ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāṃdṛṣṭikaḥ duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

punaḥ ca aparam, mahānāman, kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ asicarma gṛhītvā, dhanuḥkalāpaṃ saṃnahya, ubhayatovyūḍhaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ praskandanti iṣuṣu api kṣipyamāṇeṣu, śaktiṣu api kṣipyamāṇāsu, asiṣu api vidyotamāneṣu . te tatra iṣubhiḥ api vidhyante, śaktyā api vidhyante, asinā api śīrṣaṃ chindanti . te tatra maraṇam api nigacchanti, maraṇamātram api duḥkham . ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāṃdṛṣṭikaḥ duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

punaḥ ca aparam, mahānāman, kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ asicarma gṛhītvā, dhanuḥkalāpaṃ saṃnahya, ārdrāvalepanā upakāryāḥ praskandanti iṣuṣu api kṣipyamāṇeṣu, śaktiṣu api kṣipyamāṇāsu, asiṣu api vidyotamāneṣu . te tatra iṣubhiḥ api vidhyante, śaktyā api vidhyante, chagaṇairapi avasiñcanti, abhivargeṇa api avamṛdnanti, asinā api śīrṣaṃ chindanti . te tatra maraṇam api nigacchanti, maraṇamātram api duḥkham . ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāṃdṛṣṭikaḥ duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

punaḥ ca aparam, mahānāman, kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ saṃdhim api chindanti, nirlopam api haranti, ekāgārikam api kurvanti, paripanthe api tiṣṭhanti, paradāram api gacchanti . tān enān rājānaḥ gṛhītvā vividhāḥ karmakāraṇāḥ kārayanti — kaśābhiḥ api tāḍayanti, vetraiḥ api tāḍayanti, ardhaḍaṇḍakaiḥ api tāḍayanti ; hastau api chindanti, pādau api chindanti, hastapādam api chindanti, karṇau api chindanti, nāsām api chindanti, karṇanāsam api chindanti ; vilaṅgasthālikam api kurvanti, śaṅkhamuṇḍikam api kurvanti, rāhumukham api kurvanti, jyotirmālikam api kurvanti, hastapradyotikam api kurvanti, airakavārtikam api kurvanti, cīrakavāsikam api kurvanti, aiṇeyyakam api kurvanti, baḍiśamāṃsikam api kurvanti, kārṣāpaṇikam api kurvanti, kṣārāpatakṣikam api kurvanti, parighaparivartikam api kurvanti, palālapīṭhakam api kurvanti, taptena api tailena avasiñcanti, śunakaiḥ api khādayanti, jīvantam api śūle uttāsayanti, asinā api śīrṣaṃ chindanti . te tatra maraṇam api nigacchanti, maraṇamātram api duḥkham . ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāṃdṛṣṭikaḥ duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

punaḥ ca aparam, mahānāman, kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ kāyena duścaritaṃ caranti, vācā duścaritaṃ caranti, manasā duścaritaṃ caranti . te kāyena duścaritaṃ caritvā, vācā duścaritaṃ caritvā, manasā duścaritaṃ caritvā, kāyasya bhedāt paraṃ maraṇāt, apāyaṃ durgatiṃ vinipātaṃ narakam upapadyante . ayam api, mahānāman, kāmānām ādīnavaḥ sāmparāyikaḥ, duḥkhaskandhaḥ kāmahetuḥ kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānām eva hetuḥ .

ekadā aham, mahānāman, rājagṛhe viharāmi sma gṛdhrakūṭe parvate . tasmin khalu samaye saṃbahulāḥ nirgranthāḥ ṛṣigiripārśve kālaśilāyām ūrdhvasthāḥ bhavanti āsanapratikṣiptāḥ, aupakramikāḥ duḥkhāḥ tīvrāḥ kharāḥ kaṭukāḥ vedanāḥ vedayante .

atha khalu aham, mahānāman, sāyāhnasamaye pratisaṃlayanāt utthitaḥ ṛṣigiripārśve kālaśilāyāṃ tān nirgranthān upasamakrāmam ; upasaṃkramya tān nirgranthān etad avocam — kiṃ nu yūyam, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, ūrdhvasthāḥ āsanapratikṣiptāḥ, aupakramikāḥ duḥkhāḥ tīvrāḥ kharāḥ kaṭukāḥ vedanāḥ vedayadhve iti ?

evam ukte, mahānāman, te nirgranthāḥ mām etad avocan — nirgranthaḥ, āyuṣman, jñātṛputraḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvadarśī apariśeṣaṃ jñānadarśanaṃ pratijānīte — carataḥ ca me tiṣṭhataḥ ca suptasya ca jāgrataḥ ca satataṃ samitaṃ jñānadarśanaṃ pratyupasthitam iti .

saḥ evam āha — asti khalu vaḥ, nirgranthāḥ, pūrvaṃ pāpakarma kṛtam, tat anayā kaṭukayā duṣkarakārikayā nirjarayata; yat punar atra etarhi kāyena saṃvṛtāḥ vācā saṃvṛtāḥ manasā saṃvṛtāḥ tad āyatiṃ pāpasya karmaṇaḥ akaraṇam ; iti purāṇānāṃ karmaṇāṃ tapasā vyantībhāvāt, navānāṃ karmaṇām akaraṇāt, āyatim anāsravaḥ ; āyatim anāsravāt karmakṣayaḥ, karmakṣayāt duḥkhakṣayaḥ, duḥkhakṣayāt vedanākṣayaḥ, vedanākṣayāt sarvaṃ duḥkhaṃ nirjīrṇaṃ bhaviṣyati iti . tat ca punar asmākaṃ rocate ca eva kṣamate ca, tena ca smaḥ āttamanasaḥ iti .

evam ukte, aham, mahānāman, tān nirgranthān etad avocam — kiṃ punaḥ yūyam, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, jānītha — abhūma eva vayam pūrvaṃ na na abhūma iti ?

na hi idam, āyuṣman .

kiṃ punaḥ yūyam, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, jānītha — akurma eva vayam pūrvaṃ pāpakarma na na akurma iti ?

na hi idam, āyuṣman .

kiṃ punaḥ yūyam, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, jānītha — evaṃrūpaṃ vā evaṃrūpaṃ vā pāpakarma akurma iti ?

na hi idam, āyuṣman .

kiṃ punaḥ yūyam, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, jānītha — etāvat vā duḥkhaṃ nirjīrṇam, etāvat vā duḥkhaṃ nirjīrayitavyam, etāvati vā duḥkhe nirjīrṇe sarvaṃ duḥkhaṃ nirjīrṇaṃ bhaviṣyati iti ?

na hi idam, āyuṣman .

kiṃ punaḥ yūyam, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, jānītha — dṛṣṭe eva dharme akuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ prahāṇam, kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇām upasaṃpadam iti ?

na hi idam, āyuṣman .

iti kila yūyam, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, na jānītha — abhūma eva vayam pūrvaṃ na na abhūma iti, na jānītha — akurma eva vayam pūrvaṃ pāpakarma na na akurma iti, na jānītha — evaṃrūpaṃ vā evaṃrūpaṃ vā pāpakarma akurma iti, na jānītha — etāvat vā duḥkhaṃ nirjīrṇam, etāvat vā duḥkhaṃ nirjīrayitavyam, etāvati vā duḥkhe nirjīrṇe sarvaṃ duḥkhaṃ nirjīrṇaṃ bhaviṣyati iti . na jānītha — dṛṣṭe eva dharme akuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ prahāṇam, kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇām upasaṃpadam . evaṃ sati, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, ye loke lubdhāḥ lohitapāṇayaḥ krūrakarmāntāḥ manuṣyeṣu pratyājātāḥ te nirgrantheṣu pravrajanti iti ?

na khalu, āyuṣman gautama, sukhena sukham adhigantavyam, duḥkhena khalu sukham adhigantavyam ; sukhena ca āyuṣman gautama, sukham adhigantavyam abhaviṣyat, rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ sukham adhigacchet, rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ sukhavihāritaraḥ āyuṣmataḥ gautamāt iti .

addhā āyuṣmadbhiḥ nirgranthaiḥ sahasā apratisaṃkhyāya vāk bhāṣitā — na khalu, āyuṣman gautama, sukhena sukham adhigantavyam, duḥkhena khalu sukham adhigantavyam ; sukhena ca āyuṣman gautama, sukham adhigantavyam abhaviṣyat, rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ sukham adhigacchet, rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ sukhavihāritaraḥ āyuṣmataḥ gautamāt iti . api ca aham eva tatra pratipraṣṭavyaḥ — kaḥ nu khalu āyuṣmatoḥ sukhavihāritaraḥ — rājā vā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ , āyuṣmān vā gautamaḥ iti ?

addhā āyuṣman gautama, asmābhiḥ sahasā apratisaṃkhyāya vāk bhāṣitā, na khalu, āyuṣman gautama, sukhena sukham adhigantavyam, duḥkhena khalu sukham adhigantavyam ; sukhena ca āyuṣman gautama, sukham adhigantavyam abhaviṣyat, rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ sukham adhigacchet, rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ sukhavihāritaraḥ āyuṣmataḥ gautamāt iti . api ca tiṣṭhaty etad, idānīm api vayam āyuṣmantaṃ gautamaṃ pṛcchāmaḥ — kaḥ nu khalu āyuṣmatoḥ sukhavihāritaraḥ — rājā vā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ , āyuṣmān vā gautamaḥ iti ?

tena hi āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, yuṣmān eva tatra pratiprakṣyāmi, yathā vaḥ kṣameta tathā enaṃ vyākuryāta . tat kiṃ manyadhve āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, prabhavati rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ, aniṅgamānaḥ kāyena, abhāṣamāṇaḥ vācam, sapta rātriṃdivāni ekāntasukhaṃ pratisaṃvedī viharitum iti ?

na hi idam, āyuṣman .

tat kiṃ manyadhve āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, prabhavati rājā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ, aniṅgamānaḥ kāyena, abhāṣamāṇaḥ vācam, ṣaṭ rātriṃdivāni … pañca rātriṃdivāni … catvāri rātriṃdivāni … trīṇi rātriṃdivāni … dve rātriṃdive … ekaṃ rātriṃdivam ekāntasukhaṃ pratisaṃvedī viharitum iti ?

na hi idam, āyuṣman .

ahaṃ khalu, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, prabhavāmi aniṅgamānaḥ kāyena, abhāṣamāṇaḥ vācam, ekaṃ rātriṃdivam ekāntasukhaṃ pratisaṃvedī viharitum . ahaṃ khalu, āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, prabhavāmi aniṅgamānaḥ kāyena, abhāṣamāṇaḥ vācam, dve rātriṃdive … trīṇi rātriṃdivāni … catvāri rātriṃdivāni … pañca rātriṃdivāni … ṣaṭ rātriṃdivāni … sapta rātriṃdivāni ekāntasukhaṃ pratisaṃvedī viharitum . tat kiṃ manyadhve āyuṣmantaḥ nirgranthāḥ, evaṃ sati kaḥ sukhavihāritaraḥ rājā vā māgadhaḥ śreṇyaḥ vidmasāraḥ ahaṃ vā iti ?

evaṃ sati āyuṣmān eva gautamaḥ sukhavihāritaraḥ rājñaḥ māgadhāt śreṇyāt vidmasārāt iti .

idam avocat bhagavān . āttamanāḥ mahānāmā śākyaḥ bhagavataḥ bhāṣitam abhyanandat iti .

kṣudraduḥkhaskandhasūtraṃ niṣṭhitaṃ caturtham .