madhyamanikāyaḥ 2 - sarvāsravasūtram

evaṃ mayā śrutam — ekasmin samaye bhagavān śrāvastyāṃ viharati sma jetavane anāthapiṇḍadasya ārāme . tatra khalu bhagavān bhikṣūn āmantrayata — bhikṣavaḥ iti .

bhadanta iti te bhikṣavaḥ bhagavataḥ pratyaśrauṣuḥ . bhagavān etad avocat —

sarvāsravasaṃvaraparyāyaṃ vaḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, deśayiṣyāmi . taṃ śṛṇuta, sādhu manasi kuruta, bhāṣiṣye iti .

evam, bhadanta iti khalu te bhikṣavaḥ bhagavataḥ pratyaśrauṣuḥ . bhagavān etad avocat —

jānataḥ aham, bhikṣavaḥ, paśyataḥ āsravāṇāṃ kṣayaṃ vadāmi, no ajānataḥ no apaśyataḥ . kiṃ ca, bhikṣavaḥ, jānataḥ kiṃ ca paśyataḥ āsravāṇāṃ kṣayaṃ vadāmi ? yoniśaḥ ca manasikāram ayoniśaḥ ca manasikāram . ayoniśaḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, manasikurvataḥ anutpannāḥ ca eva āsravāḥ utpadyante, utpannāḥ ca āsravāḥ pravardhante ; yoniśaḥ ca khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, manasikurvataḥ anutpannāḥ ca eva āsravāḥ na utpadyante, utpannāḥ ca āsravāḥ prahīyante .

santi, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ darśanena prahātavyāḥ, santi āsravāḥ saṃvareṇa prahātavyāḥ, santi āsravāḥ pratisevanena prahātavyāḥ, santi āsravāḥ adhivāsanena prahātavyāḥ, santi āsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāḥ, santi āsravāḥ vinodanena prahātavyāḥ, santi āsravāḥ bhāvanayā prahātavyāḥ .

1. darśanaprahātavyāsravāḥ

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ darśanena prahātavyāḥ ? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, aśrutavān pṛthagjanaḥ āryāṇām adarśī āryadharmasya akovidaḥ āryadharme avinītaḥ, satpuruṣāṇām adarśī satpuruṣadharmasya akovidaḥ satpuruṣadharme avinītaḥ — manasikaraṇīyān dharmān na prajānāti, amanasikaraṇīyān dharmān na prajānāti . saḥ manasikaraṇīyān dharmān aprajānan amanasikaraṇīyān dharmān aprajānan, ye dharmāḥ na manasikaraṇīyāḥ, tān dharmān manasi karoti, ye dharmāḥ manasikaraṇīyāḥ tān dharmān na manasi karoti .

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmāḥ na manasikaraṇīyāḥ yān dharmān manasi karoti ? yasya, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmān manasikurvataḥ anutpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ pravardhate ; anutpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ pravardhate ; anutpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ pravardhate — ime dharmāḥ na manasikaraṇīyāḥ yān dharmān manasi karoti .

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmāḥ manasikaraṇīyāḥ yān dharmān na manasi karoti ? yasya, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmān manasikurvataḥ anutpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ na utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ prahīyate ; anutpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ na utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ prahīyate ; anutpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ na utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ prahīyate — ime dharmāḥ manasikaraṇīyāḥ yān dharmān na manasi karoti .

tasya amanasikaraṇīyānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ manasikārāt manasikaraṇīyānāṃ dharmāṇām amanasikārāt anutpannāḥ ca eva āsravāḥ utpadyante utpannāḥ ca āsravāḥ pravardhante .

saḥ evam ayoniśaḥ manasi karoti — abhūvaṃ nu khalu aham atītam adhvānam ? na nu khalu abhūvam atītam adhvānam ? kim nu khalu abhūvam atītam adhvānam ? kathaṃ nu khalu abhūvam atītam adhvānam ? kiṃ bhūtvā kim abhūvaṃ nu khalu aham atītam adhvānam ? bhaviṣyāmi nu khalu aham anāgatam adhvānam ? na nu khalu bhaviṣyāmi anāgatam adhvānam ? kim nu khalu bhaviṣyāmi anāgatam adhvānam ? kathaṃ nu khalu bhaviṣyāmi anāgatam adhvānam ? kiṃ bhūtvā kiṃ bhaviṣyāmi nu khalu aham anāgatam adhvānam iti ? etarhi vā pratyutpannam adhvānam adhyātmaṃ kathaṃkathī bhavati — ahaṃ nu khalu asmi ? na nu khalu asmi ? kim nu khalu asmi ? kathaṃ nu khalu asmi ? ayaṃ nu khalu sattvaḥ kutaḥ āgataḥ ? saḥ kutragāmī bhaviṣyati iti ?

tasya evam ayoniśaḥ manasikurvataḥ ṣaṇṇāṃ dṛṣṭīnām anyatamā dṛṣṭiḥ utpadyate . asti me ātmā iti vā asya satyataḥ tattvataḥ dṛṣṭiḥ utpadyate ; na asti me ātmā iti vā asya satyataḥ tattvataḥ dṛṣṭiḥ utpadyate ; ātmanā eva ātmānaṃ saṃjānāmi iti vā asya satyataḥ tattvataḥ dṛṣṭiḥ utpadyate ; ātmanā eva anātmānaṃ saṃjānāmi iti vā asya satyataḥ tattvataḥ dṛṣṭiḥ utpadyate ; anātmanā eva ātmānaṃ saṃjānāmi iti vā asya satyataḥ tattvataḥ dṛṣṭiḥ utpadyate ; atha vā punar asya evaṃ dṛṣṭiḥ bhavati — yaḥ me ayam ātmā vaktā vedayitā tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakayoḥ karmaṇoḥ vipākaṃ pratisaṃvedayate saḥ khalu punar me ayam ātmā nityaḥ dhruvaḥ śāśvataḥ avipariṇāmadharmā śāśvatasamaṃ tathā eva sthāsyati iti . idam ucyate, bhikṣavaḥ, dṛṣṭigataṃ dṛṣṭigahanaṃ dṛṣṭikāntāraṃ dṛṣṭiviṣūkaṃ dṛṣṭivispanditaṃ dṛṣṭisaṃyojanam . dṛṣṭisaṃyojanasaṃyuktaḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, aśrutavān pṛthagjanaḥ na parimucyate jātyāḥ jarāyāḥ maraṇāt śokebhyaḥ paridevebhyaḥ duḥkhebhyaḥ daurmanasyebhyaḥ upāyāsebhyaḥ ; na parimucyate duḥkhāt iti vadāmi .

śrutavān ca khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, āryaśrāvakaḥ — āryāṇāṃ darśī āryadharmasya kovidaḥ āryadharme suvinītaḥ, satpuruṣāṇāṃ darśī satpuruṣadharmasya kovidaḥ satpuruṣadharme suvinītaḥ — manasikaraṇīyān dharmān prajānāti amanasikaraṇīyān dharmān prajānāti . saḥ manasikaraṇīyān dharmān prajānan amanasikaraṇīyān dharmān prajānan ye dharmāḥ na manasikaraṇīyāḥ tān dharmān na manasi karoti, ye dharmāḥ manasikaraṇīyāḥ tān dharmān manasi karoti .

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmāḥ na manasikaraṇīyāḥ yān dharmān na manasi karoti ? yasya, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmān manasikurvataḥ anutpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ pravardhate ; anutpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ pravardhate ; anutpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ pravardhate — ime dharmāḥ na manasikaraṇīyāḥ, yān dharmān na manasi karoti .

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmāḥ manasikaraṇīyāḥ yān dharmān manasi karoti ? yasya, bhikṣavaḥ, dharmān manasikurvataḥ anutpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ na utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā kāmāsravaḥ prahīyate ; anutpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ na utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā bhavāsravaḥ prahīyate ; anutpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ na utpadyate, utpannaḥ vā avidyāsravaḥ prahīyate — ime dharmāḥ manasikaraṇīyāḥ yān dharmān manasi karoti .

tasya amanasikaraṇīyānāṃ dharmāṇām amanasikārāt manasikaraṇīyānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ manasikārāt anutpannāḥ ca eva āsravāḥ na utpadyante, utpannāḥ ca āsravāḥ prahīyante .

saḥ idaṃ duḥkham iti yoniśaḥ manasi karoti, ayaṃ duḥkhasamudayaḥ iti yoniśaḥ manasi karoti, ayaṃ duḥkhanirodhaḥ iti yoniśaḥ manasi karoti, iyam duḥkhanirodhagāminī pratipad iti yoniśaḥ manasi karoti . tasya evaṃ yoniśaḥ manasikurvataḥ trīṇi saṃyojanāni prahīyante — satkāyadṛṣṭiḥ, vicikitsā, śīlavrataparāmarśaḥ . ime ucyante, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ darśanena prahātavyāḥ .

2. saṃvaraprahātavyāsravāḥ

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ saṃvareṇa prahātavyāḥ ? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ cakṣurindriyasaṃvarasaṃvṛtaḥ viharati . yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, cakṣurindriyasaṃvareṇa asaṃvṛtasya viharataḥ utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, cakṣurindriyasaṃvareṇa saṃvṛtasya viharataḥ evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti . pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ śrotrendriyasaṃvarasaṃvṛtaḥ viharati … ghrāṇendriyasaṃvarasaṃvṛtaḥ viharati … jihvendriyasaṃvarasaṃvṛtaḥ viharati … kāyendriyasaṃvarasaṃvṛtaḥ viharati … mana-indriyasaṃvarasaṃvṛtaḥ viharati . yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, mana-indriyasaṃvaram asaṃvṛtasya viharataḥ utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, mana-indriyasaṃvaraṃ saṃvṛtasya viharataḥ evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti .

yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, saṃvaram asaṃvṛtasya viharataḥ utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, saṃvaraṃ saṃvṛtasya viharataḥ evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti . ime ucyante, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ saṃvareṇa prahātavyāḥ .

3. pratisevanaprahātavyāsravāḥ

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ pratisevanena prahātavyāḥ ? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ cīvaraṃ pratisevate — yāvat eva śītoṣṇayoḥ pratighātāya, daṃśamaśakavātātapasarīsṛpasaṃsparśānāṃ pratighātāya, yāvat eva hrīkaupīnapracchādanārtham .

pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ piṇḍapātaṃ pratisevate — na eva darpāya, na madāya, na maṇḍanāya, na vibhūṣaṇāya, yāvat eva asya kāyasya sthityai yāpanāyai, vihiṃsoparatyai, brahmacaryānugrahāya, iti purāṇāṃ ca vedanāṃ pratihaniṣyāmi navāṃ ca vedanāṃ na utpādayiṣyāmi, yātrā ca me bhaviṣyati anavadyatā ca svasthavihāraḥ ca .

pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ śayanāsanaṃ pratisevate — yāvat eva śītoṣṇayoḥ pratighātāya, daṃśamaśakavātātapasarīsṛpasaṃsparśānāṃ pratighātāya, yāvat eva ṛtupariṣahavinodanapratisaṃlayanārāmārtham .

pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ glānapratyayabhaiṣajyapariṣkāraṃ pratisevate — yāvat eva utpannānāṃ vyābādhikānāṃ vedanānāṃ pratighātāya, avyābādhaparamatāyai .

yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, apratisevamānasya utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, pratisevamānasya evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti . ime ucyante, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ pratisevanena prahātavyāḥ .

4. adhivāsanaprahātavyāsravāḥ

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ adhivāsanena prahātavyāḥ ? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ kṣamaḥ bhavati śītoṣṇayoḥ, jighatsāpipāsayoḥ . daṃśamaśakavātātapasarīsṛpasaṃsparśānām, duruktānāṃ durāgatānāṃ vacanapathānām, utpannānāṃ śārīrikānāṃ vedanānāṃ duḥkhānāṃ tīvrāṇāṃ kharāṇāṃ kaṭukānām asātānām amanojñānāṃ prāṇaharāṇām adhivāsakajātikaḥ bhavati .

yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, anadhivāsayataḥ utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, adhivāsayataḥ evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti . ime ucyante, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ adhivāsanena prahātavyāḥ .

5. parivarjanaprahātavyāsravāḥ

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāḥ ? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ caṇḍaṃ hastinaṃ parivarjayati, caṇḍam aśvaṃ parivarjayati, caṇḍaṃ govṛṣaṃ parivarjayati, caṇḍaṃ kukkuraṃ parivarjayati, ahiṃ sthāṇuṃ kaṇṭakasthānaṃ śvabhraṃ prapātaṃ syandanikām udakulyām . yathārūpe anāsane niṣaṇṇaṃ yathārūpe agocare carantaṃ yathārūpāṇi pāpakāṇi mitrāṇi bhajamānaṃ vijñāḥ sabrahmacāriṇaḥ pāpakeṣu sthāneṣu avakalpeyuḥ, saḥ tat ca anāsanaṃ tat ca agocaraṃ tāni ca pāpakāṇi mitrāṇi pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ parivarjayati .

yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, aparivarjayataḥ utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, parivarjayataḥ evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti . ime ucyante, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāḥ .

6. vinodanaprahātavyāsravāḥ

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ vinodanena prahātavyāḥ ? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ utpannaṃ kāmavitarkaṃ na adhivāsayati prajahāti vinodayati vināśayati abhāvaṃ gamayati, utpannaṃ vyāpādavitarkam … utpannaṃ vihiṃsāvitarkam … utpannotpannān pāpakān akuśalān dharmān na adhivāsayati prajahāti vinodayati vināśayati abhāvaṃ gamayati .

yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, avinodayataḥ utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, vinodayataḥ evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti . ime ucyante, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ vinodanena prahātavyāḥ .

7. bhāvanāprahātavyāsravāḥ

katame ca, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ bhāvanayā prahātavyāḥ ? iha, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ smṛtisaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati vivekaniśritaṃ virāganiśritaṃ nirodhaniśritaṃ vyavasargapariṇāmi ; pratisaṃkhyāya yoniśaḥ dharmavicayasaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati … vīryasaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati … prītisaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati … praśrabdhisaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati … samādhisaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati … upekṣāsaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati vivekaniśritaṃ virāganiśritaṃ nirodhaniśritaṃ vyavasargapariṇāmi .

yat hi asya, bhikṣavaḥ, abhāvayataḥ utpadyeran āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ, bhāvayataḥ evam asya te āsravāḥ vighātaparidāhāḥ na bhavanti . ime ucyante, bhikṣavaḥ, āsravāḥ bhāvanayā prahātavyāḥ .

yataḥ khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣoḥ ye āsravāḥ darśanena prahātavyāḥ te darśanena prahīṇāḥ bhavanti, ye āsravāḥ saṃvareṇa prahātavyāḥ te saṃvareṇa prahīṇāḥ bhavanti, ye āsravāḥ pratisevanena prahātavyāḥ te pratisevanena prahīṇāḥ bhavanti, ye āsravāḥ adhivāsanena prahātavyāḥ te adhivāsanena prahīṇāḥ bhavanti, ye āsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāḥ te parivarjanena prahīṇāḥ bhavanti, ye āsravāḥ vinodanena prahātavyāḥ te vinodanena prahīṇāḥ bhavanti, ye āsravāḥ bhāvanayā prahātavyāḥ te bhāvanayā prahīṇāḥ bhavanti ; ayam ucyate, bhikṣavaḥ — bhikṣuḥ sarvāsravasaṃvarasaṃvṛtaḥ viharati, acchaitsīt tṛṣṇām, vyavīvṛtat saṃyojanam, samyak mānābhisamayāt antam akārṣīt duḥkhasya iti .

idam avocat bhagavān . āttamanasaḥ te bhikṣavaḥ bhagavataḥ bhāṣitam abhyanandiṣuḥ .

sarvāsravasūtraṃ niṣṭhitaṃ dvitīyam .

1. vinod (vi+nud caus) here is used in the sense of classical sanskrit apanod (apa+nud caus), but the vinod forms have been retained.
2. Compounds containing saṃvārasamvṛta are retained although they are clumsy by classical sanskrit norms.